Heritage NGOs: Društvo prijatelja grada Perasta / The Society of the Friends of the City of Perast
Address: Perast bb
Tel/ fax: +382 82 337 516
e-mail:
web:
Contact person: Marija Radulovic

Heritage NGOs: Društvo za obnovu manastira Podlastva / Association for the  Renovation of Podlastva Monastery
Address: Manastir Podlastva, hospital 85317 Lastva Grbaljska
Tel/ fax: +382 69 344 066
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.grbalj.com
Contact person: Stevan Kordi?

Heritage NGOs: EXPEDITIO Centar za održivi prostorni razvoj / EXPEDITIO Centre for Sustainable Spatial Development
Address: Post fah 85 85 330 Kotor
Tel/ fax: +382 82 302520, cure 302 521
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.expeditio.org
Contact person: Aleksandra Kapetanovi?

Heritage NGOs: Napredak Gornja Lastva / Cultural Heritage Association Napredak Gornja Lastva
Address: Dom kulture Gornja Lastva Tivat
Tel/ fax: +382 67 457 469, 082/ 671 257
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.gornjalastva.com
Contact person: Marija Nikoli?

Heritage NGOs: Notar - Centar za njegovanje i prezentaciju dokumentarnog naslje?a Kotora / Notar – Centre for Preservation and Promotion of Kotor Documentary Heritage
Address: Stari grad 477, pf 83, 85 330 Kotor
Tel/ fax: +382 82 322 220; 069 056 342
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.cdknotar.org
Contact person: Joško Katelan, Snežana Pejovi?

Heritage NGOs: NVU Udruženje Godinje / NGO Godinje
Address: Bratstva Jedinstva 41, 81000 Podgorica
Tel/ fax: +382 81 625 432
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.godinje.cg.yu
Contact person: Miodrag Lekovi?

Heritage NGOs: Projekat Rastko-Boka / Foundation for Culture and Tradition of Boka Kotorska “Project Rastko-Boka”
Address: Put X hercegova?ke brigade 16 Herceg Novi
Tel/ fax: +382 69/514-661
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bo
Contact person: ?or?e ?apin

Heritage NGOs: Projektor - centar za kulturno nasljedje / Projektor – Centre for Cultural Heritage
Address: Seljanovo bb Tivat
Tel/ fax: +382 67 850 941
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web:
Contact person: Katarina Nikoli?

Heritage NGOs: Institut za fotografiju Crne Gore / The Institute of Photography of Montenegro
Address: Slovenska obala 6, Budva
Tel/ fax: +382 86 455395
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web:
Contact person: Maja Djuric Djordjevic

Heritage NGOs: Likovni klub «KULA» / Fine Arts Club «KULA»
Address: M. Pecanina bb Rožaje
Tel/ fax: +382 69-373-005
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web: www.kula.net.ms
Contact person: Ibrahim Kurpejovic

Heritage NGOs: Udruzenje Korijeni / Association Korijeni
Address: Marksa i Engelsa 80|3 Podgorica
Tel/ fax: +382 67 811 088
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
web:
Contact person: Ranko Perovic

Heritage NGOs: CRNVO – Center za razvoj nevladinih organizacija / CRNVO – Centre for Development of Non-governmental Organizations
Address:
Tel/ fax:
e-mail:
web: www.crnvo.cg.yu
Contact person:

Heritage NGOs: MANS - Mreža za afirmaciju nevladinog sektora / MANS – Network for Affirmation of NGO Sector
Address:
Tel/ fax:
e-mail:
web: www.mans.cg.yu
Contact person:

/A complete list of heritage non-governmental organizations can be found at the site of the Ministry of Culture – Geo-cultural Map of Montenegro http://www.geokultcg.com/Start.htm, while the registry of all NGOs in Montenegro can be found at the site of the Ministry of Justice http://www.pravda.vlada.cg.yu/registar.php

Government of Montenegro
Ministry of Culture, nurse Sport and Media of Montenegro
Geo-cultural map of Montenegro (Ministry of Culture, buy viagra Sport and Media)
Cultural heritage of Montenegro
National Tourism Organization of Montenegro
Montenegrin culture digital library
National Parks of Montenegro
Ministry of Education and Science of Montenegro

Heritage

Perast
Medieval Towns of Montenegro
Database on Illyrians on the territory of province Illyricum
Exhibition of archaeological displays

State Institutions

Historical Archives Kotor
State Archives of Montenegro
Natural History Museum of Montenegro
University of Montenegro
Contemporary Art Centre of Montenegro

NVO

EXPEDITIO, Kotor
NOTAR,Kotor
GORNJA LASTVA, Tivat
GODINJE,
Skadar Lake
Foundation for Culture and Tradition of Boka Kotorska “Project Rastko-Boka”,
Herceg NoviCenter for Protection and Study of Birds of Montenegro (CZIP),
Podgorica MANS – Network for Affirmation of NGO Sector, Podgorica
Fine Arts Club KULA, Rožaje
Association for Archives and History of Herceg Novi, Herceg Novi

Photo

Stevan Kordi?, photographer from Kotor

Other...

The Books of Knige
Rambo Amadeus

1. Areas protected in accordance with national regulations   

1. a. Protected cultural monuments
The Central registry of protected cultural monuments lists 357 cultural monuments, seek divided into:

• 1st category – monuments of outstanding importance (35)
• 2nd category – monuments of great importance (135)
• 3rd category – monuments of local importance  (187)

(The list is enclosed)

1. b. Protected natural areas

National parks:

• Mountain Durmitor – 39.000 ha
• Mountain Lovcen – 6.400 ha
• Biogradska gora – 5.400 ha
• Skadar Lake – 40.000 ha

Monuments of nature
Special natural areas

The protected natural areas cover 106.655 ha or 7.72 % of the territory of Montenegro.   

2. Areas protected at international level:

UNESCO, sale the World Natural and Cultural Heritage: 

• Mountain Durmitor and the Tara River Canyon
• Cultural-Historical and Natural Region of Kotor

UNESCO, nurse the World Biosphere Reserves

• The Tara River Basin  

Ramsar wetlands, habitats of swamp birds:

• Skadar Lake

System of conservation of cultural and natural heritage

• Organization of the institutional system of conservation
• Legislation

Organization of the system of conservation

Conservation service was officially established in 1948 when the Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and Rarities in Cetinje (today Republic Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments) was established. The first modern law in this field was proclaimed in 1949. Today, generic currently valid Law for conservation of cultural monuments from 1991 regulates work of the service.

Based on the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), here and after inscription of Kotor area on the World Heritage List (1979), the Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor was founded (1980). Due to the high concentration and importance of monuments on territory of Boka Kotorska bay, in 1992 this Institution became the Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor.

Due to historical circumstances, immovable cultural monuments are unequally distributed on the territory of Montenegro. The largest number of cultural monuments is concentrated in municipalities of Kotor (31 %) and Cetinje (15 %). On the territory of Boka Kotorska Bay, there are 44.60 of all immovable cultural monuments in Montenegro.

Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor is responsible for conservation of monuments on the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, which consists of the area of the municipalities Kotor (with the World Heritage site of Kotor), Tivat and Herceg Novi. The Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments in Cetinje is responsible for conservation of monuments on the rest of the territory of the Republic of Montenegro and carries out the conservation policy in the Republic.

Republic Institute for Environment Protection, founded in 1961 and Museum of Nature of Montenegro, founded in 1995, are dealing with protection of natural heritage in Montenegro.

Beside above-mentioned Institutes directly responsible for conservation of movable and immovable heritage, there are specialized institutions dealing with museum, archive and library activities. 

The supreme body is the Ministry of Culture, which directs, manages and coordinates work of the whole system of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.

The Law about Local government from 2003 states that municipality “creates and provides conditions for protection of monuments and monumental areas of local importance”.

The Law about Conservation of cultural monuments from 1991, states that a municipality has obligation to “take a good care of monuments on its territory, to maintain, use and protect them from destructive influences of nature and human acting, to make them available to the public and to provide funding for their regular maintenance”. During the development of urban plans, for the purpose of preservation of urban, historical or ambient character of old towns and settlements, municipality is obliged to provide a professional opinion of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments. The Law states that it is necessary to provide license for any construction works on a monument, which can cause its changes. The licence can be issued by the Republic Institute” or the Regional Institute.  (Article 83; par. 5; Law for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Republic of Montenegro).

Municipalities take care for cultural and environmental heritage through the Departments for urban and construction affairs, cultural activities and activities related to environment protection. Secretariat for cultural and natural heritage exists only in the Municipality of Kotor.

Organization scheme of institutional system of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage in Montenegro

Legislation

The modern practice of treatment and care for the cultural heritage was established in the second half of XIX century, with the following legal acts:
- 1868. – National Parliament of Principality of Montenegro proclaimed Financial Reform which is considered to be the first legal act in Montenegro partially related to the conservation of cultural heritage, 
- 1896 – the Law about the Library and Museum of the Principality of Montenegro was proclaimed, 
- 1945 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments and natural rarities was proclaimed,
- 1949 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments was proclaimed.

Acts that currently follow organisation and work of the cultural institutions were mostly proclaimed during the 1990es; most of them were not changed since 1980es, while the law still not adequately regulates some activities (ex. underwater archaeology). Currently, the following legal acts statutory protect cultural heritage in Montenegro:
- Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991),
- Law about the museum activities (1977, 1989),
- Law about the library activities (1977, 1989),
- Law about archive activities (1991, 1994),
- Law about rehabilitation and revitalization of old towns damaged in the disastrous earthquake on April 15, 1979 (1984, 1986),
- Law about rehabilitation of the monumental area of Kotor (1991),
- Law about monuments, memorials and historic events and persons (1971, 1972, 1988),
- Rule about keeping the Inventory of protected cultural monuments (1992),
- Rule about conditions and work on the archaeological research and excavation of cultural monuments (1992),

Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991) regulates the work of the conservation service, on all levels, as well as jurisdiction, organization, financing, activities and process of registration of cultural monuments. This Law “regulates the system of conservation and usage of cultural monuments, realization of the special social interest, rights and obligations of legal and physical subjects related to the conservation of cultural monuments and organizing and income generating for financing of institutions performing activities of conservation of cultural monuments.” (Law about the conservation of cultural monuments, article 1.)

New Law about the protection of cultural heritage is in the process of development. This law should correct lacks of the current law, such as the process of proclamation of cultural monuments, adequate sanctioning of violations, care and value of other categories beside cultural monuments (cultural landscape, vernacular architecture, modern architecture, industrial architecture, intangible heritage), process of financing and other issues.  

Conservation of cultural monuments is done indirectly through provisions of the Law on planning and spatial management, Low on construction, Law on National parks, Law on costal management, Law on local self-governance, etc. Movable cultural heritage is protected by adequate museum, archive, etc. laws.

Data taken from:

• Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Montenegro, scoping study, British Council – Serbia and Montenegro, 2004.
• Sector Studies – Analysis and expert opinion (SS-AE) done for the purpose of drawing up the National Spatial Plan (PPR), Sector study (SS-AE) 4.11 – CULTURAL HERITAGE, University of Montenegro, Republic Institute for Urbanism and Planning,  2005.

The cultural background of Montenegro has been formed under the influences of both eastern and western civilizations, from prehistoric times to present days. On this relatively small area, one can trace influences of the Mediterranean, middle European, East European and Oriental civilizations and cultures. Such a historical process has affected the formation of cultural image of Montenegro, which is primarily characterized by multiculturalism in the broadest sense. Today's cultural heritage of Montenegro offers an abundance of archaeological, written and artistic objects of great value by means of which one can discover the cultural history of these parts. Diverse architecture of cultural and historical monuments, as well as the richness of the museum, archives and library holdings provide material evidence of the specific cultural milieu of Montenegro.

1. Immovable tangible heritage
2. Movable tangible heritage
3. Intangible heritage

Immovable tangible heritage

The concept and idea of immovable cultural heritage has developed over time and today cultural properties include not only separate buildings, i.e. monuments but also urban and rural ensembles and areas, as well as cultural landscapes that manifest the interaction between humankind and nature, connected with intangible heritage. In Montenegro, the official term for cultural properties is cultural monuments.  

Immovable cultural monuments are designated by the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro and listed in the Registry of Cultural Monuments. The Central registry of protected cultural monuments lists 357 cultural properties, archaeological, historical, artistic, building, ethnological and technical monuments of culture *(a complete list is enclosed). According to the degree of their importance, cultural monuments are divided into three categories:

• 1st category – monuments of outstanding importance
• 2nd category – monuments of great importance
• 3rd category – monuments of local importance  

A list of protected cultural monuments in Montenegro according to types and categories

In the Registry of cultural monuments, the most numerous group of cultural properties is that of sacral monuments, while, on the other hand, only one protected rural ensemble has been listed, as well as very rare examples of vernacular architecture, industrial architecture or the 20th-century architecture, and the concept of cultural landscape has not been recognized yet. Cultural landscapes and ambient ensembles have neither been identified nor protected, although undoubtedly they represent one of the most valuable segments of space of Montenegro.   

Apart for the protected cultural monuments listed in the Registry of cultural monuments, important parts of immovable heritage of Montenegro are also numerous cultural properties, sacral, secular, rural, industrial buildings, as well as urban and rural areas and cultural landscapes that have not been listed in the Registry of cultural monuments although they posses heritage values (historical, architectural, ambient…)

Movable heritage

Identification of heritage properties of movable objects is done by museums, archives, libraries, galleries, collections and similar institutions. Movable cultural monuments are kept in specialized institutions. Movable cultural monuments, administered by museums, archives, libraries, galleries, collections and similar institutions, are listed in the Central registry of cultural monuments as separate objects or collections.  

The Central registry of cultural monuments contains 425 register units (although its re-registration has not been done in accordance with the current legal regulations).      

In 22 museums in Montenegro, there are totally 145 collections and 92513 objects. The museums keep evidence of museum material owned by citizens or juristic persons. Museum materials, objects and collections of exceptional importance are regarded as movable cultural monuments and they are inscribed in the Central registry of movable cultural monuments.    

Among the library holdings, there are materials of exceptional value, which are, being old and rear books, treated as cultural monuments.

The National library, i.e. Central National Library “Djurdje Crnojevic” functions as a depository and main library for all other lower-tier libraries (town, i.e. public, university and CANU - Montenegrin Academy of Science and Arts libraries).    

Library activity of the Central National Library “Djurdje Crnojevic” consists of collecting, keeping, processing and using books, brochures, periodical, newspapers, documents, works of music, reproductions of paintings, drawings, posters, geographic maps and other material. The greatest treasure of the library is its book holdings consisting of 1 450 000 volumes.     

Protection of filmed material, as an integral part of cultural heritage, through institutional organization is performed by the Montenegrin Film Library. The Montenegrin Film Library keeps a part of the oldest recordings about Montenegro (majority of them, whose copies need to be obtained, are kept in film libraries of various European cities), as well as holdings of the Montenegrin film industry.     

Archival material consists of original and reproduced documentary material (in traditional, audio-visual and electronic form) which resulted from the work of juristic and physical persons and represent property of cultural and historical heritage. Archival material is kept in archives, primarily the National Archives of Montenegro, but also in other institutions, churches and in private ownership. The National Archives possesses 80 % of archival material in the state ownership, which consists of 1.228 stocks (9.006 meters), 111 personal and family stocks (42 meters), 142 collections (210 meters), as well as library material consisting of 36.062 bibliographic volumes.       

Intangible heritage

Together with valuable built heritage and rich museum, archival and library holdings, which are material evidence of the specific cultural milieu, cultural heritage of Montenegro consists also of intangible heritage encompassing local customs, oral tradition, languages, music, holidays, rituals, cookery and skills related to material aspects of culture and cultural heritage.

In ancient times, the area of Montenegro was inhabited principally by Illyrian tribes. During the 3rd century BC, an indigenous Illyrian kingdom emerged with its capital at Skadar (today Albania). Since the Illyrians were daring pirates and often attacked Greek and Roman ships in the Adriatic Sea, the Romans mounted several punitive expeditions against them and their legendary queen Teuta. The Romans forced queen Teuta to retreat to a well-fortified town of Risan. In 168 BC, the Romans finally conquered the Illyrian kingdom, annexing it to the province of Illyricum.

As Roman power declined, this area suffered from intermittent ravages by various seminomadic invaders, especially the Goths in the late 5th century and the Avars during the 6th century. The process of populating the southern, coastal areas of the Balkans by the Slavs started in the 6th century. It is assumed that the Slavic tribes settled from the area between Poland and Germany, Magdeburg and Baltic, during the first migration of Slavic peoples.   

The Slavic state of Duklja was founded in the early 7th century on the territory of the former Roman province Prevalis, within the borders and under the formal sovereignty of the Byzantine Empire. The initial developmental stages of the Doclean state are characterized by the continuous struggle with Byzantium for full autonomy and independence. Upon settling in the Balkans, the Slavs accept Christianity, followed by their assimilation and mixing - ethnical, cultural and political - with the native Roman, Illyrian and other non-Slavic population.

Direct sources on Duklja and its rulers are scarce until the reign of knez (duke) Vladimir (late 10th century). During the reign of Vojislav, Vladimir's nephew, Duklja (from that time on known as Zeta, the name first referred to in Byzantine sources) won a great victory over the Byzantine army near the town of Bar in 1042, which was followed by Duklja's further rising. In 1077, duke Mihailo received the royal insignia (as Rex Sclavorum) from Pope Gregory VII with which Zeta was recognized as a kingdom.

In 1185, Zeta was subjected by the Serbian state of Raška under Nemanjić dynasty. The Nemanjićs did not change the system of Zeta’s previous independent statehood. In Nemanjić times, the construction of the road network from the coast to Serbia, together with the development of trade and handicrafts, enabled significant progress and prosperity of the coastal towns. Kotor played particularly important role in the trading between the inland countries and the south of Italy.

In the second half of the 14th century, Zeta became independent and continued to exist as an independent feudal state, first under the Balšić and later the Crnojević dynasty (15th c.). In that period, Turkish attacks became more frequent and fiercer, reducing the territory of Montenegrin state and forcing its people to retreat to the area of Mt. Lovćen. Ivan Crnojević chose the field of Cetinje as the site for his new capital, where he built his palace in 1482 and a monastery two years later. From that time on, Cetinje became the capital of reduced Montenegro and cultural and spiritual centre of Montenegrin people for the next four centuries. Under the support of Ivan's son Djuradj, the first printing house among the South Slavs started operating in Cetinje in 1493. It produced five Cyrillic-type service books.

In 1496, Montenegro fell under the Turkish domination. Montenegro was organized as a separate territorial and administrative unit within the Skadar Sanjak.  

Most of the coast of Montenegro was controlled by the Republic of Venice from the 15th century to the Napoleon times (1420-1797) although the towns of Bar and Ulcinj were conquered by the Ottomans in the 1570s. The rule of Venice was succeeded by that of Austria (1797-1806), Russia (1806-1807) and France (1807-1813). From 1813 to 1814, the Temporary government of Montenegro and Boka Kotorska, better known as the Central Commission was established. It was followed by the second Austrian rule, from 1814 to 1918, when Boka Kotorska became part of the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.   

The roles of secular and state leadership were assumed by the Cetinje vladikas (prince-bishops), the General Montenegrin Assembly (Opšti crnogorski zbor) and the Assembly of Tribal Chiefs (Zbor glavara) - as the bodies of state administration. From 1697, when the Montenegrin Assembly elected vladika Danilo I – the founder of the Petrović Njegoš dynasty, began the organized struggle for a political and religious unity of the country. 

With the consolidation of power of vladika Petar I Petrović (1784-1830) Montenegro was set on a faster lane to securing its independence, particularly after the great victories over the superior Turkish armies in 1796. During the reign of Petar I Petrović legislation was passed that provided for the departure from the traditional, clan-based organization of the society and for laying the foundations of a modern state and modern administration.

Vladika Petar II Petrović Njegoš (1830-1851), a great poet-philosopher, was the last Montenegrin ruler to combine the secular and ecclesiastical powers. He continued to develop the Montenegrin state successfully by setting up bodies of judicial, administrative and military powers. 

His successor prince Danilo Petrović (1851-1860) was the first secular ruler of Montenegro since the times of Ivan Crnojević. During his reign, a significant part of former Montenegrin lands was liberated, Montenegrin tribes were unified and the modern functions of state were developed.  

King Nikola Petrović (1860-1918) was the last Montenegrin ruler. In liberation wars 1876-1878 Montenegro won the magnificent battles against the Ottoman troops at Vučji Do and Fundina, some of the aims of its politics were achieved: full international recognition of Montenegrin independence at the Berlin Congress in 1878. The struggle of the small Montenegrin people won the sympathies and support of the entire Europe, which, among other things, helped Montenegro to proclaim kingdom in 1910.

Montenegro entered World War I immediately after it had been declared and fought on the side of Serbia and the allies. Following the capitulation before the Austria-Hungary in 1916, king Nikola Petrović and the Government were driven into exile to Italy and then to France. In 1918, Montenegro was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. 

In 1929, the Kingdom of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. On 13 July 1941, Montenegrin people mounted an uprising against the Italian occupiers. In World War II (1941-1945), Montenegro fought with Yugoslav troupes against the fascists. After the war, from 1945 to 1992, Montenegro became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as one of six republics (Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro).

After the turbulent years at the end of the 20th century and the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1992, Montenegro agreed on a federation with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, then from 2003 as a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

At the referendum of 21 May 2006, most citizens voted for the independent Republic of Montenegro.

References:

• the site www.montenegro.yu – Government of the Republic of Montenegro, the official presentation of the Republic of Montenegro
• EXPEDITIO, “Perast – Three Hundred Years of Solitude”, Kotor 2006
• Stevan Kordić, “Kotor – City Guide”, Kotor 2004

Source: www.montenegro.travel

Official name: Crna Gora / Montenegro 
Official language(s): Montenegrin
Official script: Cyrillic and Latin script equal under the constitution
Monetary unit: Euro €
Population: 650 575
Capital city: Podgorica
Political organisation:Montenegro is an independent and sovereign country, pills with a republican form of government. Montenegro is a democratic, social and ecological state, founded on the rule of law.**
Total area: 13 812 km²
Area of land-sea: 2 540 km²
Coastline: 293.5 km
Climate: three climate zones: while the Mediterranean climate prevails at the seaside, in the hinterland, the dominant climate is continental. In the region of high limestone mountains, the climate is typically sub alpine.
Rivers: Tara, Piva, Lim, Mora?a, Zeta, Bojana, ...
Deepest canyon: the Tara River - 1.300 m
Mountains: Lov?en, Orjen, Rumija, Komovi, Prokletije, Durmitor, Bjelasica, Sinjajevina...
Highest peak: Bobotov kuk (Mountain Durmitor) -2.522 m
Lakes: 33 glacial lakes, 7 artificail lakes
Largest lake: Skadar Lake - 391 km^{2
Longest beach: Velika plaža (Long Beach), Ulcinj – 13 km  
Largest bay: Boka Kotorska (the Bay of Kotor) 
Larger cities: Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Kotor, Nikši?, Pljevlja, Rožaje, Ulcinj, Herceg Novi
Historical capital: Cetinje}

** Quotation from the Draft Constitution of Montenegro